Comparison of throwing kinematics and muscle activation of female elite handball players with and without pain – the effect of repeated maximal throws

Shoulder pain is common in team handball; however, many continue playing. The purpose was to investigate whether a functional fatigue protocol (FFP) containing repeated sub and maximal standing throws affects throwing performance, upper body kinematics, muscle peak activation (MPA) the effect different between players playing with or no pain. Thirty female elite handball performed five before after FFP. Throwing velocity, MPA were measured An increased ball velocity (p = .02) found, but only total time significantly group .05). Fatigue also resulted larger pelvis .03) trunk rotation addition an shoulder flexion at release both groups .03), external internal .05) group. Furthermore, affected latissimus dorsi infraspinatus .01). It concluded that influenced timing, which may increase risk of developing non-traumatic injuries handball. information help understand how influences kinematics